基本信息
标准名称: | 工作场所物理因素测量 第7部分:高温 |
英文名称: | Measurement of Physical Agents in Workplace Part 7:Heat Stress |
中标分类: |
医药、卫生、劳动保护 >>
卫生 >>
劳动卫生 |
ICS分类: |
环保、保健与安全 >>
职业安全、工业卫生
|
发布部门: | 中华人民共和国卫生部 |
发布日期: | 2007-04-12 |
实施日期: | 2007-11-01 |
首发日期: | |
作废日期: | |
主管部门: | 中华人民共和国卫生部 |
提出单位: | 卫生部职业卫生标准专业委员会 |
起草单位: | 北京大学公共卫生学院、华中科技大学同济医学院、奎思特技术公司、广东省职业病防治院 |
起草人: | 王生、杨磊、何丽华、黄汉林 |
出版日期: | 2007-11-01 |
页数: | 4页 |
适用范围
本部分规定了工作场所高温作业WBGT指数测量方法。
本部分适用于高温作业的WBGT指数的测量。
前言
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目录
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引用标准
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所属分类: 医药 卫生 劳动保护 卫生 劳动卫生 环保 保健与安全 职业安全 工业卫生
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingtheChemicalCompositionandSequenceinAlginatebyProtonNuclearMagneticResonance(1HNMR)Spectroscopy
【原文标准名称】:质子核磁共振波谱法测定褐藻酸盐中的化学成分和序列的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMF2259-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.42
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Alginates;Biomedicalmaterials/applications;Chemicalanalysis--chemicals;Degradation--environmentalmaterials/applications;Monomersequence;Nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)spectrometry;Pharmaceuticalindustry;TEMPs(tissueengineeredmedicalprodu
【摘要】:Thecompositionandsequentialstructureofalginatedeterminesthefunctionalityofalginateinanapplication.Forinstance,thegellingpropertiesofanalginatearehighlydependentuponthemonomercompositionandsequentialstructureofthepolymer.Gelstrengthwilldependupontheguluronicacidcontent(FG)andalsotheaveragenumberofconsecutiveguluronatemoietiesinG-blockstructures(NG>1).Chemicalcompositionandsequentialstructureofalginatecanbedeterminedby1H-and13C-nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy(NMR).AgeneraldescriptionofNMRcanbefoundinx003C;761>oftheUSP24-NF19.TheNMRmethodologyandassignmentsarebasedondatapublishedbyGrasdalenetal.(1979,1981,1983).,,TheNMRtechniquehasmadeitpossibletodeterminethemonadfrequenciesFM(fractionofmannuronateunits)andFG(fractionofguluronateunits),thefournearestneighboring(diad)frequenciesFGG,FMG,FGM,FMM,andtheeightnextnearestneighboring(triad)frequenciesFGGG,FGGM,FMGG,FMGM,FMMM,FMMG,FGMM,FGMG.Knowledgeofthesefrequenciesenablesnumberaveragesofblocklengthstobecalculated.NGisthenumberaveragelengthofG-blocks,andNG>1isthenumberaveragelengthofG-blocksfromwhichsinglets(-MGM-)havebeenexcluded.Similarly,NMisthenumberaveragelengthofM-blocks,andNM>1isthenumberaveragelengthofM-blocksfromwhichsinglets(-GMG-)havebeenexcluded.13CNMRmustbeusedtodeterminetheM-centeredtriadsandNM>1.Thistestmethoddescribesonlythe1HNMRanalysisofalginate.AlginatecanbewellcharacterizedbydeterminingFGandNG>1.Inordertoobtainwell-resolvedNMRspectra,itisnecessarytoreducetheviscosityandincreasethemobilityofthemoleculesbydepolymerizationofalginatetoadegreeofpolymerizationofabout20to50.Acidhydrolysisisusedtodepolymerizethealginatesamples.Freeze-drying,followedbydissolutionin99%D2O,andanotherfreeze-dryingbeforedissolutionin99.9%D2Oyieldssampleswithlow1H2Ocontent.TTHAisusedasachelatortopreventtracesofdivalentcationstointeractwithalginate.WhileTTHAisamoreeffectivechelator,otheragentssuchasEDTAandcitratemaybeused.Suchinteractionsmayleadtolinebroadeningandselectivelossofsignalintensity.Samplesareanalyzedatatemperatureof80x00B1;1x00B0;C.Elevatedsampletemperaturecontributestoreducingsampleviscosityandrepositionstheprotonsignalofresidualwatertoanareaoutsidethatofinterest.1.1ThistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthecompositionandmonomersequenceofalginateintendedforuseinbiomedicalandpharmaceuticalapplicationsaswellasinTissueEngineeredMedicalProducts(TEMPs)byhigh-resolutionprotonNMR(1HNMR).AguideforthecharacterizationofalginatehasbeenpublishedasGuideF2064.1.2Alginate,alinearpolymercomposedofx03B2;-D-mannuronate(M)anditsC-5epimerx03B1;-L-guluronate(G)linkedbyx03B2;-(1>4)glycosidicbonds,ischaracterizedbycalculatingparameterssuchasmannuronate/guluronate(M/G)ratio,guluronicacidcontent(G-content),andaveragelengthofblocksofconsecutiveGmonomers(thatis,NG>1